Running a rental property business in Florida entails many legal responsibilities—from how you choose tenants to how and when you return security deposits. Ignorance of the law can cost landlords plenty—for example, if you need to hire an attorney to defend you against a tenant’s discrimination complaint.

Follow these tips to stay out of court and avoid legal problems with tenants in Florida.

1. Comply With Anti-Discrimination Laws

Before you advertise a vacant apartment, it is crucial that you understand fair housing laws and what you can say and do when selecting tenants. This includes how you advertise a rental, the questions you ask on a rental application or when interviewing potential tenants, and how you deal with tenants who rent from you. Failure to know and follow the law may result in costly discrimination complaints and lawsuits.

While Florida landlords are legally free to reject applicants—based on a bad credit history, negative references, from previous landlords, past behavior, such as consistently paying rent late, or other factors that make them a bad risk—this doesn’t mean that anything goes. You are not free to discriminate against prospective tenants based on their race, religion, national origin, sex, familial status (such as having children under age 18) or physical or mental disability. These are “protected categories” under the federal Fair Housing Act of 1968, as amended (42 U.S. Code § § 3601-3619 and 3631). There are a few exemptions to federal anti-discrimination rules, including owner-occupied buildings with four or fewer units, and single-family houses, as long as the owner owns no more than three rental houses at a time.

The HUD website provides extensive details on fair housing laws. Be sure to also check with your state fair housing agency for additional laws prohibiting discrimination or limiting landlord exemptions.

2. Follow State Rent Rules

All landlords want their tenants to pay rent on time and without hassle. If you need to raise the rent or evict a tenant who hasn’t paid rent, you’ll want to be sure you comply with the specific rules and procedures in Florida. State law regulates several rent-related issues, such as how much time (three days in Florida) a tenant has to pay rent or move before a landlord can file for eviction. For details, see Florida Termination for Nonpayment of Rent and Other Rent Rules.

3. Meet State Security Deposit Limits and Return Rules

Security deposits are among the biggest sources of dispute between landlords and tenants. To avoid problems, be sure you know when the deposit must be returned (15 to 60 days, depending on whether or not the tenant has disputed the deposit deductions), and other restrictions on deposits. Using a landlord-tenant checklist when a tenant moves in (and moves out of) a rental, and sending a written security deposit itemization when the tenant leaves will go a long way in avoiding disputes.

4. Provide Habitable Housing

You are legally required to keep rental premises livable in Florida, under a legal doctrine called the “implied warranty of habitability.” If you don’t take care of important repairs, such as a broken heater, tenants in Florida may have several options, including the right to withhold rent.

Every Landlord’s Legal Guide, by Marcia Stewart, Ralph Warner, and Janet Portman (ThelawQ.com) includes extensive advice on establishing a repair and maintenance system that will help prevent problems, such as tenant rent withholding or injuries to tenants due to defective conditions in the rental.

5. Prepare a Legal Written Lease or Rental Agreement

The rental agreement or lease that you and your tenant sign sets out the contractual basis of your relationship with the tenant, and is full of crucial business details, such as how long the tenant can occupy the rental and the amount of the rent. Taken together with federal, state, and local landlord-tenant laws, your lease or rental agreement sets out all the legal rules you and your tenant must follow.

Problems arise when landlords include illegal clauses in the lease, such as a waiver of landlord responsibility to keep premises habitable, or when landlords fail to make legally required disclosures (discussed in the next section). And even if it’s not required that you cover a particular issue in your lease, such as how when and how you can enter rental property, you can avoid all kinds of disputes by using an effective and legal lease and rental agreementthat clearly informs tenants of their responsibilities and rights.

6. Make Legally Required Disclosures

Under Florida law, landlords must make certain disclosures to tenants (usually in the lease or rental agreement), including details on the security deposit, such whether or not it will be held in an interest-bearing account. Landlords must also comply with required federal disclosures regarding lead-based paint on the property, or face hefty financial penalties.

7. Respect Tenants’ Privacy

Florida landlords must provide 12 hours’ notice before entering rental property—for example, to make repairs or show the property to prospective tenants. To avoid problems, include a lease or rental agreement clause that complies with the law and lets the tenant know your right of entry; also, keep written records of your requests to enter rental units.

8. Don’t Retaliate Against a Tenant Who Exercises a Legal Right

It is illegal to retaliate in Florida —for example, by attempting to raise the rent or decreasing services of a tenant for complaining about an unsafe living condition. To avoid problems, or counter false retaliation claims, establish a good paper trail to document how you handle repairs and other important facts of your relationship with your tenant.

9. Follow Exact Procedures for Terminating a Tenancy or Evicting a Tenant

State laws specify when and how a landlord may terminate a tenancy. Failure to follow the legal rules may result in delays (sometimes extensive) in terminating a tenancy. Florida laws are very specific as to the amount and type of termination notice–for example, a landlord must give a tenant who has intentionally destroyed rental property seven days’ notice to leave before the landlord can file for eviction. See State Laws on Unconditional Quit Terminations and State Laws on Termination for Violation of Lease for more information on these types of termination notices in Florida.

10. Take Advantage of Legal Resources Available to Landlords

In addition to the hundreds of articles on the ThelawQ.com, including state-by-state charts of landlord-tenant law, ThelawQ.com publishes many books for landlords, as well as online leases and rental agreements.

Be sure to check out government agencies, such as the U.S. Department of Housing and Urban Development (HUD) and state fair housing agencies which provide useful legal information and publications on their websites. You’ll also find helpful guides to tenant rights and landlord-tenant law on the website of your state attorney general’s office or consumer protection agency.

Finally, if you have legal questions about your rental unit, you should consult with an experienced landlord-tenant attorney in Florida.

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